Pituitary adenomas typically present during early adulthood, equally affecting males and females. There are no outstanding reported risk factors. The clinical presentation of pituitary adenoma varies depending on the location and severity of the tumor. Prolactinomas, the most common form of pituitary tumor, cause amenorrhea (the loss of menstruation), galactorrhea (the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast), and infertility in females. They cause hypogonadism, decreased libido and impotence in males. Tumors that secrete excess growth hormone cause gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting adenomas produce Cushing's disease (hyperadrenalism). Three kinds of treatment are used: surgery (removing the tumor during an operation), radiation therapy (using high-dose x-rays/proton beams to kill tumor cells) and drug therapy to shrink and sometimes eradicate the tumor. Drugs can also block the pituitary gland from making too much hormone. A Transphenoidal operation can remove the tumor through a cut in the nasal passage leaving no external scar. This text is a review of current management techniques for pituitary tumors, incorporating recent advances and discussed by experienced clinicians. The use of both endocrinologists and neurosurgeons as chapter authors allows differing perspectives to be incorporated. The book is organized around individual tumor types, with additional chapter topics added for those subjects requiring special emphasis. Appropriate photographs and illustrations are incorporated as warranted.

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